Laravel 11 REST API With Passport Authentication
Hello developers! In this article, we'll see Laravel 11 REST API with Passport Authentication. Also, we'll perform CRUD(create, read, update, delete) operation in REST API in laravel 11 with Passport. Before getting started, you may wish to determine if your application would be better served by Laravel Passport or Laravel Sanctum.
If your application needs to support OAuth2, then you should use Laravel Passport. Laravel Passport provides a full OAuth2 server implementation for your Laravel 11 application.
We'll Install Laravel Passport via the install:api Artisan command. In laravel 11 publish API routes.
How to create REST API in Laravel 11 with Passport
In this step, we'll install the laravel 11 application using the following composer command.
composer create-project laravel/laravel laravel-11-REST-API
install Laravel Passport via the install:api Artisan command
php artisan install:api --passport
This command will publish and run the database migrations necessary for creating the tables your application needs to store OAuth2 clients and access tokens.
The command will also create the encryption keys required to generate secure access tokens.
After running the install:api command, add the Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens trait to your App\Models\User model.
app/Models/User.php
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;
class User extends Authenticatable
{
use HasFactory, Notifiable, HasApiTokens;
/**
* The attributes that are mass assignable.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $fillable = [
'name',
'email',
'password',
];
/**
* The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $hidden = [
'password',
'remember_token',
];
/**
* Get the attributes that should be cast.
*
* @return array
*/
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
'password' => 'hashed',
];
}
}
Finally, in your application's config/auth.php configuration file, you should define an api authentication guard and set the driver option to passport.
This will instruct your application to use the Passport TokenGuard when authenticating incoming API requests
config/auth.php
'guards' => [
'web' => [
'driver' => 'session',
'provider' => 'users',
],
'api' => [
'driver' => 'passport',
'provider' => 'users',
],
],
Now, we'll create a model and migration for the Product table using the following command.
php artisan make:migration create_products_table
Migration:
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
return new class extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up(): void
{
Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->text('detail');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down(): void
{
Schema::dropIfExists('products');
}
};
Then, we'll migrate the table into the database using the following command.
php artisan migrate
Next, create a Product.php model using the following command.
php artisan make:model Product
app/Models/Product.php
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Product extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
/**
* The attributes that are mass assignable.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $fillable = [
'name', 'detail'
];
}
Next, we'll define API routes to the api.php file.
routes/api.php
<?php
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\API\RegisterController;
use App\Http\Controllers\API\ProductController;
Route::post('register', [RegisterController::class, 'register']);
Route::post('login', [RegisterController::class, 'login']);
Route::middleware('auth:api')->group( function () {
Route::resource('products', ProductController::class);
});
In this step, we'll create a BaseController file in the API folder.
app/Http/Controllers/API/BaseController.php
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\API;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller as Controller;
class BaseController extends Controller
{
/**
* success response method.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function sendResponse($result, $message)
{
$response = [
'success' => true,
'data' => $result,
'message' => $message,
];
return response()->json($response, 200);
}
/**
* return error response.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function sendError($error, $errorMessages = [], $code = 404)
{
$response = [
'success' => false,
'message' => $error,
];
if(!empty($errorMessages)){
$response['data'] = $errorMessages;
}
return response()->json($response, $code);
}
}
app/Http/Controllers/API/RegisterController.php
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\API;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\API\BaseController as BaseController;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Validator;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
class RegisterController extends BaseController
{
/**
* Register api
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function register(Request $request): JsonResponse
{
$validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
'name' => 'required',
'email' => 'required|email',
'password' => 'required',
'c_password' => 'required|same:password',
]);
if($validator->fails()){
return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors());
}
$input = $request->all();
$input['password'] = bcrypt($input['password']);
$user = User::create($input);
$success['token'] = $user->createToken('testing')->accessToken;
$success['name'] = $user->name;
return $this->sendResponse($success, 'User register successfully.');
}
/**
* Login api
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function login(Request $request): JsonResponse
{
if(Auth::attempt(['email' => $request->email, 'password' => $request->password])){
$user = Auth::user();
$success['token'] = $user->createToken('testing')-> accessToken;
$success['name'] = $user->name;
return $this->sendResponse($success, 'User login successfully.');
}
else{
return $this->sendError('Unauthorised.', ['error'=>'Unauthorised']);
}
}
}
app/Http/Controllers/API/ProductController.php
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\API;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\API\BaseController as BaseController;
use App\Models\Product;
use Validator;
use App\Http\Resources\ProductResource;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
class ProductController extends BaseController
{
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function index(): JsonResponse
{
$products = Product::all();
return $this->sendResponse(ProductResource::collection($products), 'Products retrieved successfully.');
}
/**
* Store a newly created resource in storage.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function store(Request $request): JsonResponse
{
$input = $request->all();
$validator = Validator::make($input, [
'name' => 'required',
'detail' => 'required'
]);
if($validator->fails()){
return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors());
}
$product = Product::create($input);
return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product created successfully.');
}
/**
* Display the specified resource.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function show($id): JsonResponse
{
$product = Product::find($id);
if (is_null($product)) {
return $this->sendError('Product not found.');
}
return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product retrieved successfully.');
}
/**
* Update the specified resource in storage.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function update(Request $request, Product $product): JsonResponse
{
$input = $request->all();
$validator = Validator::make($input, [
'name' => 'required',
'detail' => 'required'
]);
if($validator->fails()){
return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors());
}
$product->name = $input['name'];
$product->detail = $input['detail'];
$product->save();
return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product updated successfully.');
}
/**
* Remove the specified resource from storage.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function destroy(Product $product): JsonResponse
{
$product->delete();
return $this->sendResponse([], 'Product deleted successfully.');
}
}
Next, we'll create an API resource. To generate a resource class, we'll use the make:resource Artisan command. By default, resources will be placed in the app/Http/Resources directory of your application.
php artisan make:resource ProductResource
app/Http/Resources/ProductResource.php
<?php
namespace App\Http\Resources;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;
class ProductResource extends JsonResource
{
/**
* Transform the resource into an array.
*
* @return array
*/
public function toArray(Request $request): array
{
return [
'id' => $this->id,
'name' => $this->name,
'detail' => $this->detail,
'created_at' => $this->created_at->format('d/m/Y'),
'updated_at' => $this->updated_at->format('d/m/Y'),
];
}
}
Now, run the Laravel 11 REST API With Passport Authentication application using the following command.
php artisan serve
I've used POSTMAN API for testing purposes. POSTMAN is a collaboration platform designed for API development.
Then, we will add the following headers.
'headers' => [
'Accept' => 'application/json',
'Authorization' => 'Bearer '.$accessToken,
]
Register API : Verb: POST, URL:http://localhost:8000/api/register
Login API : Verb: POST, URL:http://localhost:8000/api/login
Create Product API : Verb: POST, URL:http://localhost:8000/api/products
Product Show API : Verb: GET, URL:http://localhost:8000/api/products/{id}
Product Update API : Verb: PUT, URL:http://localhost:8000/api/products/{id}
Product Delete API : Verb: DELETE, URL:http://localhost:8000/api/products/{id}
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- Read Also: How to Create Multiple Authentication in Laravel 11
- Read Also: How to Create CRUD Operation in Laravel 11
- Read Also: Role And Permission In Laravel 9 Tutorial
